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Dothraki (ver código-fonte)
Edição das 13h25min de 17 de janeiro de 2017
, 13h25min de 17 de janeiro de 2017sem sumário de edição
Eles possuem uma única cidade permanente ([[Vaes Dothrak]]).
==History==
The ancestors of the Dothraki came from the lands beyond the [[Bone Mountains]] in the [[Further East]], leaving behind the bones that give the Bone Mountains their name.{{ref|TWOIAF| The Bones and Beyond}}
The nomadic Dothraki do not have a tradition of settlements. To make a house a thousand years ago, they dug a hole in the ground and covered it with a woven grass roof.{{ref|AGOT|36}} Four hundred years ago or more, probably around the time of the [[Doom of Valyria]], the Dothraki rode toward the [[Free Cities]] out of the east, sacking and burning every town and city in their path, including the [[Kingdom of Sarnor]], the [[Qaathi]] cities in the [[Red Waste]],{{ref|TWOIAF| The Grasslands}} and the Ibbenese settlements in the [[Kingdom of the Ifequevron]].{{ref|TWOIAF| Ib}} Khal [[Temmo]] and his ''khalasar'' of at least 50,000 were stopped by the [[Unsullied]] in the [[Battle of Qohor]].{{ref|ASOS|8}} During the [[Century of Blood]] after the Doom, the Dothraki drove smallfolk from their hovels and nobles from their estates, until only grass and ruins remained from the [[forest of Qohor]] to the headwaters of the [[Selhoru]].{{ref|ADWD|14}}
Ruined cities and regions ring the vast plains of the [[Dothraki sea]], including the [[Kingdom of Sarnor]], the [[Kingdom of the Ifequevron]], the upper [[Skahazadhan]], and the [[red waste]].{{ref|TLOIAF}} The godsway in [[Vaes Dothrak]] contains monuments the Dothraki have taken from conquered people.{{ref|AGOT|36}}
==Society, language and culture==
The Dothraki rely greatly on their horses as these beasts are an intrinsic part of their nomadic society. They use them for food, transportation, for clothing, and as a source of materials for crafts, and their deity is the [[horse god]], mirroring the importance of horses in Dothraki culture.
The Dothraki are especially skilled in horse riding and mounted warfare. They traverse the Dothraki Sea in tribes known as ''[[khalasar]]s'' and are led by a ''[[khal]]''. A ''khalasar'' is divided into ''[[khas]]'', which are led by one of the khal's captains, called ''[[ko]]s''. When a ''khal'' dies, a new ''khal'' may take control of the ''khalasar'' or a ''khas'' may break away and form new ''khalasars'' led by their former ''kos''.
Each ''khal'' has [[bloodrider]]s. Part guardian, brother and companion, the bloodriders guard and accompany the ''khal'' in his daily routine. Ancient traditions proclaim that when a ''khal'' dies, his bloodriders die with him. Should the ''khal'' die in battle, the bloodriders live only long enough to avenge him and then die shortly after. Some ''khals'' are known to have shared not only their daily routines with their bloodriders, but their wives as well.{{Ref|aGoT|36}} However, horses are never shared among the ''khal'' and his bloodriders. The ''khal'' and his bloodriders commonly refer to each other as "blood of my blood".{{Ref|aGoT|36}}
''Khalasars'' have no fixed settlements and rely heavily on raiding neighboring nations, and each other, for subsistence. Although they disdain the exchange of currency, they do give and accept gifts, often including slaves. Sometimes a strong ''khalasar'' may threaten to sack one of the [[Free Cities]] or demand tribute, but their favorite target for slaving are the docile [[Lhazareen]] herders. Dothraki can erect large grass canopies for special occasions, but typically live in portable tents, always on the move. The Dothraki have only one permanent city, called [[Vaes Dothrak]], which serves as their capital. While ''khalasars'' are typically rivals on the plains, in Vaes Dothrak all Dothraki must behave as brothers. No one may spill blood or draw a blade in the city, on pain of death. The wives of ''khals'', called ''[[khaleesi]]s'', live in Vaes Dothrak once widowed. There they serve as seers as the ''[[dosh khaleen]]''.
The Dothraki speak an [[Dothraki language|eponymous language]] of their own.{{Ref|aGoT|11}} All horselords affect a bowlegged swagger when forced to dismount and stride the earth like common mortals.
<!-- They are known as the ''haesh raki'' to the [[Lhazareen]].{{Ref|aGoT|61}} -->
==Cultural, spiritual and social practices==
The [[horse]] is in the heart of the lives of Dothraki, who are sometimes dubbed the "[[horselord]]s" It is both a deity, a mount, a power source for its meat and milk of mares, and an inspiration for all craft. The nomadic lifestyle, as well as many cultural taboos, are directly associated with the horse. They fear the sea, calling it the [[poison water]], because they distrust any liquid that a horse will not drink.{{Ref|aSoS|8}} They are also very wary of sea travel because they cannot imagine crossing large distances without riding their horses.
Riding a horse is, for the Dothraki, a basic marker of social status. A ''khal'' who cannot ride is no ''khal''.{{Ref|aGoT|68}} Custom decrees that the ''khaleesi'' must ride a mount worthy of her place by the side of the ''khal''.{{Ref|aGoT|11}} A pregnant woman is expected to ride on horseback almost up to the moment of birth.{{Ref|aGoT|54}}
A cart is of less prestige and is used to transport eunuchs (who serve the ''dosh khaleen''{{Ref|aGoT|46}} as well as slaves who serve as healers with knife, needle and fire {{Ref|aGoT|61}}), cripples (those that are not left for the feral dogs{{Ref|aGoT|31}}), women in childbirth, the very young and the very old.{{Ref|aGoT|36}} It is by this concession that [[Viserys Targaryen]] becomes known as Khal Rhaggat, the Cart King.
A man who does not ride is no man at all, the lowest of the low, without honour or pride, most often a slave. Viserys's status as a walker for one day leaves him known as ''Khal Rhae Mhar'' (the sorefoot king).
When a Dothraki dies, his horse is sacrificed on the funeral pyre of his master. The Dothraki consume a diet almost exclusively of horse meat, to which they attribute many properties and consequently prefer to beef and pork.{{ref|agot|31}} They also have black sausages (similar to [[w:Kishka (food)|''kaszanka'']]), blood pies and sweetgrass stews.{{Ref|aGoT|11}} They drink a mildly alcoholic beverage derived from fermented mare's milk (similar to the Central Asian drink [[w:Kumis|''kumýs'']]).{{ref|agot|46}}
A pregnant Dothraki woman will participate in the [[Stallion heart|stallion heart]] ceremony, in which she will attempt to consume the heart of a stallion under the supervision of the ''[[dosh khaleen]]''. Due to the prohibition on bearing steel in [[Vaes Dothrak]], the mother must tear apart the stallion's heart with her bare teeth and fingernails. If she eats the entire heart, she will bear a son who is strong and swift and fearless; if she chokes on the blood or retches up the flesh, the omens are less favourable — the child might be stillborn, weak, deformed or female.
Dothraki have a contempt of cities, believing that anything of importance in a man's life must take place beneath the open sky.{{Ref|aGoT|11}} The Dothraki believe that the stars are horses made of fire and are a giant herd that gallops across the sky by night.{{Ref|aGoT|46}} However it is said by others that the Dothraki believe the stars are the spirits of valiant dead.{{Ref|aCoK|66}}
===Wedding and Bedding===
{{See also|Marriage}}
Weddings begin at dawn and end at dusk, an endless day of drinking and feasting and fighting. Women with veils of crimson and yellow and orange dance to drums at wedding feasts, and warriors may take them freely before the watching ''khalasar''. If two men take the same woman, they fight to the death. A Dothraki wedding without at least three deaths is seen as a dull affair. The bride receives three traditional gifts: whip, bow, and ''[[arakh]]''. She refuses them with traditional words, and the husband takes them. After bride gifts are given, and the sun has gone down, the marriage is consummated.
The Dothraki mate like animals in heat. There is no privacy in the ''khalasar'', and their sense of sin and shame is different from that of the [[Free Cities]] and the [[Seven Kingdoms]].{{Ref|aGoT|11}}
===Customs===
The Dothraki are a very superstitious group. Touching the corpse of a man you have not killed yourself is considered bad luck, as is the number thirteen.{{Ref|aDwD|17}} Witches, or ''[[maegi]]'', are reviled as evil and unnatural.
Riding in carts in a ''khalasar'' is reserved for eunuchs, cripples, women with child, the very young and the very old. To ride in a cart and not be a member of any of those groups is to be worthy of derision.{{Ref|aGoT|36}} ''Khalasars'' keep two sorts of healers. Barren women practice with herbs and potions and spells, and eunuch slaves use knife, needle, and fire. Dothraki leave deformed newborns behind them for feral dogs to eat.
The Dothraki may wear rich fabrics and perfumes in the [[Free Cities]], however among their own people men and women garb themselves in painted leather vests over bare chests, horsehair leggings cinched with belts of bronze medallions{{Ref|aGoT|11}} and open-toed riding sandals that lace up to the knees. They do not wear armor, considering it craven, so they often fight with no shirt on or with only vests. Dothraki women might wear robes of painted sandsilk.
The Dothraki’s proof of valor is their braided topknots. Whenever they lose a battle they must cut their braids as a sign of defeat. They mark victories by putting [[Bells (Dothraki)|tiny bells]] in their braids, often taking bells from the Dothraki they have slain. Thus, a warrior's topknot is a symbol of his prowess.{{Ref|aGoT|3}}
The Dothraki do not build. A thousand years before, to build a house they would dig a hole in the earth and raise a grass roof over it.{{ref|AGOT|36}}
Traders are free to cross the Dothraki sea unmolested to Vaes Dothrak as long as they keep the peace, do not profane either the [[Mother of Mountains]] or the [[Womb of the World]] and give the traditional gifts of salt, silver and seed to the ''dosh khaleen''.
===Military===
[[File:Jedruszek Dothraki Outriders.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Dothraki outriders gallop towards a disturbance with weapons drawn - by Tomasz Jedruszek. © Fantasy Flight Games]]
The Dothraki are nomadic warriors; they ride better than any Westerosi knight. Light cavalry forms the backbone of their power, with warriors wielding curved cavalry swords called ''[[arakh]]''s, curved bows, and whips. They eschew armor, considering it cowardly, and typically wear painted vests and horsehair breeches.
While the ''khalasar'' is on the move, their scouts range far ahead, looking for prey or enemies. Outriders guard the flanks.{{Ref|aGoT|23}} After battles, the ''[[jaqqa rhan]]'' or mercy men move among corpses and use heavy axes to take the heads of the dead and dying alike, while small girls with baskets go about pulling arrows from bodies to be re-used later.
==Books and Scrolls about the Dothraki==
*''[[Fire Upon the Grass]]'' - by [[Terrio Erastes]] who wrote about his time as a guest of ''[[Khal]]'' [[Dhako]].<ref name=Ib>''[[The World of Ice and Fire]]'', Ib</ref>
== Inspiration ==
{{See also|Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire}}
[[George R.R. Martin]] stated that the Dothraki were fashioned as an amalgam of a number of steppe and plains cultures. [[w:Mongols|Mongols]] and [[w:Huns|Huns]], certainly, but also [[w:Alans|Alans]], [[w:Sioux|Sioux]], [[w:Cheyenne|Cheyenne]], and various other Amerindian tribes... seasoned with a dash of pure fantasy. Resemblance to Arabs or Turks is coincidental, extent that the Turks were also originally horsemen of the steppes.<ref>So Spake Martin: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/6040/ On Ethnicities], February 04, 2012</ref>
==Quotes==
{{Quote|I shall fear the Dothraki the day they teach their horses to run on water.{{Ref|AGOT|33}}}} – [[Eddard Stark]], to [[Robert Baratheon]]
{{Quote|The Dothraki follow only the strong.{{Ref|agot|68|p 758}}}} - [[Jorah Mormont]], to [[Daenerys Targaryen]]
{{Quote|Godless savages.{{ref|ACOK|63}}}} - The owner of the ''[[Lord Faro's Belly]]''
{{Quote|The Dothraki were wise where horses were concerned, but could be utter fools about much else.{{Ref|aDwD|2}}}} - thoughts of [[Daenerys Targaryen]]
{{Quote|The Dothraki are not fond of towns, you will know this even in [[Westeros]].{{Ref|aDwD|5}}}} - [[Illyrio Mopatis]], to [[Tyrion Lannister]]
{{Quote|The horselords come, we give them gifts, the horselords go.{{Ref|aDwD|22}}}} - [[Qavo Nogarys]], to [[Haldon]]
