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==Cultural, spiritual and social practices==
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==Praticas Culturais, Espirituais e Sociais==
  
 
The [[horse]] is in the heart of the lives of Dothraki, who are sometimes dubbed the "[[horselord]]s" It is both a deity, a mount, a power source for its meat and milk of mares, and an inspiration for all craft. The nomadic lifestyle, as well as many cultural taboos, are directly associated with the horse. They fear the sea, calling it the [[poison water]], because they distrust any liquid that a horse will not drink.{{Ref|aSoS|8}} They are also very wary of sea travel because they cannot imagine crossing large distances without riding their horses.
 
The [[horse]] is in the heart of the lives of Dothraki, who are sometimes dubbed the "[[horselord]]s" It is both a deity, a mount, a power source for its meat and milk of mares, and an inspiration for all craft. The nomadic lifestyle, as well as many cultural taboos, are directly associated with the horse. They fear the sea, calling it the [[poison water]], because they distrust any liquid that a horse will not drink.{{Ref|aSoS|8}} They are also very wary of sea travel because they cannot imagine crossing large distances without riding their horses.

Edição das 18h31min de 17 de janeiro de 2017

Companheiros Dothraki galopando com suas armas em punho - por Tomasz Jedruszek. © Fantasy Flight Games
Khal Drogo - Arte por Magali Villeneuve ©

Os Dothraki são um povo de uma cultura de guerreiros nômades em Essos, com uma história conhecida de mais 400 anos, aparentemente pouco antes Aegon I Targaryen desembarcar em Westeros [1]. Eles vieram do oriente, expulsando os camponeses de seus casebres e nobres de suas propriedades, até que sobrassem apenas grama e ruínas desde a Floresta de Qohor até a cabeceira do Selhoru [2]. Os Dothraki são pessoas grandes, possuem o cabelo preto, a pele em tons de cobre e olhos amendoados escuros [3]. Eles possuem uma única cidade permanente (Vaes Dothrak).

História

Os antepassados ​​do Dothraki vieram das terras além das Montanhas dos Ossos no Further East, l deixando para trás os ossos que deram nome as Montanhas dos Ossos.[4]

Os Dothraki são nômades, e não têm uma tradição de assentamento. Há mil anos, para fazer uma casa , eles cavavam um buraco no chão e o cobriam com um teto de grama tecida.[5] Há quatrocentos anos atrás ou mais, provavelmente durante o tempo da Perdição de Valíria, os Dothraki cavalgaram para as Cidades Livres do leste, saqueando e queimando cada cidade e vilarejo em seu caminho, incluindo o Reino de Sarnor, as cidades de Qaathi no Deserto Vermelho,[6] e as cidades dos Ibbeneses no Reino de Ifequevron.[7] Khal Temmo e seu khalasar de pelo menos 50,000 homens foram derrotados pelos Imaculados na Batalha de Qohor.[8] Durante o Century of Blood depois da Perdição, os Dothraki expulsaram os camponeses de seus barracos e os nobres de suas propriedades, até que sobraram apenas a relva e as ruínas da floresta de Qohor até os limites de Selhoru.[2]

Cidades e regiões em ruínas cercam as vastas planícies do Mar Dothraki, incluindo o Reino de Sarnor,o Reino de Ifequevron, o alto de Skahazadhan, e o Deserto Vermelho.[9] O caminho dos deuses em Vaes Dothrak possui monumentos dos povos que os Dothraki conquistaram.[5]

Sociedade, Linguagem e Cultura

Os Dothraki dependem muito de seus cavalos, pois esses animais são uma parte intrínseca de sua sociedade nômade. Eles os usam para alimentação, transporte, para roupas e como fonte de materiais para artesanato, e sua divindade é o deus garanhão, espelhando a importância dos cavalos na cultura Dothraki.

Os Dothraki são especialmente habilidosos em equitação e guerra montada. Eles cruam o Mar Dothraki em tribos, conhecidas como khalasars que são lideradas pelo khal. Um khalasar é dividido em khas, cada um liderado por um capitão dos khals, os chamadoskos. Quando um khal morre, um novo khal pode tomar controle do khalasar ou um khas pode partir e formar novos khalasars liderados pelos antigos kos.

Cada khal tem seu companheiro de sangue. Parte guardião, parte irmão parte companheiro, os companheiros de sangue seguram e fazem companhia ao khal em sua rotina diária. ntigas tradições ditavam que quando um khal morre, seus companheiros de sangue morrem com ele. Se um khal morresse em batalha, seus companheiros de sangue vivem apenas para vingá-lo, morrendo depois. Alguns khals são conhecidos por terem compartilhado não só suas rotinas diárias com seus companheiros de sangue, mas suas esposas também.[5] Entretanto, os cavalos nunca são compartilhados entre o "khal" e seus companheiros de sangue. O "khal" e seus companheiros comumente se referem uns aos outros como "sangue do meu sangue".[5]

Khalasars não têm assentamentos fixos e dependem fortemente da invasão de nações vizinhas, e uns dos outros, para subsistência. Embora eles desdenham a troca de moeda, eles dão e aceitam presentes, muitas vezes incluindo escravos. Às vezes, um "khalasar" forte pode ameaçar saquear uma das Cidades Livres ou exigem tributo, mas seu alvo favorito para escravizar são os dóceis pastores Lhazarenos. Os Dothraki podem erguer grandes copas da grama para ocasiões especiais, mas vivem tipicamente em barracas móveis, sempre em movimento. Os Dothraki têm apenas uma cidade permanente, chamada Vaes Dothrak, que é usada como sua capital. Enquanto khalasars são rivais nas planícies, em Vaes Dothrak todos os Dothraki vevem se comportar como irmãos. Ninguém pode derramar sangue ou puxar armas na cidade, sob pena de morte. As esposas de khals, chamadas khaleesis, se mudam para Vaes Dothrak assim que tornam-se viúvas. Lá, elas tornam-se videntes dentro da comunidade das dosh khaleen.

Os dothraki usam sua própria linguagem homônima.[10] Todos os senhores de cavalo que, com o tempo, são afetados pela síndrome da perna arqueada, são forçados e desmontar e andar pela terra como mortais comuns.


Praticas Culturais, Espirituais e Sociais

The horse is in the heart of the lives of Dothraki, who are sometimes dubbed the "horselords" It is both a deity, a mount, a power source for its meat and milk of mares, and an inspiration for all craft. The nomadic lifestyle, as well as many cultural taboos, are directly associated with the horse. They fear the sea, calling it the poison water, because they distrust any liquid that a horse will not drink.[8] They are also very wary of sea travel because they cannot imagine crossing large distances without riding their horses.

Riding a horse is, for the Dothraki, a basic marker of social status. A khal who cannot ride is no khal.[11] Custom decrees that the khaleesi must ride a mount worthy of her place by the side of the khal.[10] A pregnant woman is expected to ride on horseback almost up to the moment of birth.[12]

A cart is of less prestige and is used to transport eunuchs (who serve the dosh khaleen[13] as well as slaves who serve as healers with knife, needle and fire [14]), cripples (those that are not left for the feral dogs[15]), women in childbirth, the very young and the very old.[5] It is by this concession that Viserys Targaryen becomes known as Khal Rhaggat, the Cart King.

A man who does not ride is no man at all, the lowest of the low, without honour or pride, most often a slave. Viserys's status as a walker for one day leaves him known as Khal Rhae Mhar (the sorefoot king).

When a Dothraki dies, his horse is sacrificed on the funeral pyre of his master. The Dothraki consume a diet almost exclusively of horse meat, to which they attribute many properties and consequently prefer to beef and pork.[15] They also have black sausages (similar to kaszanka), blood pies and sweetgrass stews.[10] They drink a mildly alcoholic beverage derived from fermented mare's milk (similar to the Central Asian drink kumýs).[13]

A pregnant Dothraki woman will participate in the stallion heart ceremony, in which she will attempt to consume the heart of a stallion under the supervision of the dosh khaleen. Due to the prohibition on bearing steel in Vaes Dothrak, the mother must tear apart the stallion's heart with her bare teeth and fingernails. If she eats the entire heart, she will bear a son who is strong and swift and fearless; if she chokes on the blood or retches up the flesh, the omens are less favourable — the child might be stillborn, weak, deformed or female.

Dothraki have a contempt of cities, believing that anything of importance in a man's life must take place beneath the open sky.[10] The Dothraki believe that the stars are horses made of fire and are a giant herd that gallops across the sky by night.[13] However it is said by others that the Dothraki believe the stars are the spirits of valiant dead.[16]

Casamento e Rituais de Cama

Predefinição:See also

Weddings begin at dawn and end at dusk, an endless day of drinking and feasting and fighting. Women with veils of crimson and yellow and orange dance to drums at wedding feasts, and warriors may take them freely before the watching khalasar. If two men take the same woman, they fight to the death. A Dothraki wedding without at least three deaths is seen as a dull affair. The bride receives three traditional gifts: whip, bow, and arakh. She refuses them with traditional words, and the husband takes them. After bride gifts are given, and the sun has gone down, the marriage is consummated.

The Dothraki mate like animals in heat. There is no privacy in the khalasar, and their sense of sin and shame is different from that of the Free Cities and the Seven Kingdoms.[10]

Costume

The Dothraki are a very superstitious group. Touching the corpse of a man you have not killed yourself is considered bad luck, as is the number thirteen.[17] Witches, or maegi, are reviled as evil and unnatural.

Riding in carts in a khalasar is reserved for eunuchs, cripples, women with child, the very young and the very old. To ride in a cart and not be a member of any of those groups is to be worthy of derision.[5] Khalasars keep two sorts of healers. Barren women practice with herbs and potions and spells, and eunuch slaves use knife, needle, and fire. Dothraki leave deformed newborns behind them for feral dogs to eat.

The Dothraki may wear rich fabrics and perfumes in the Free Cities, however among their own people men and women garb themselves in painted leather vests over bare chests, horsehair leggings cinched with belts of bronze medallions[10] and open-toed riding sandals that lace up to the knees. They do not wear armor, considering it craven, so they often fight with no shirt on or with only vests. Dothraki women might wear robes of painted sandsilk.

The Dothraki’s proof of valor is their braided topknots. Whenever they lose a battle they must cut their braids as a sign of defeat. They mark victories by putting tiny bells in their braids, often taking bells from the Dothraki they have slain. Thus, a warrior's topknot is a symbol of his prowess.[3]

The Dothraki do not build. A thousand years before, to build a house they would dig a hole in the earth and raise a grass roof over it.[5]

Traders are free to cross the Dothraki sea unmolested to Vaes Dothrak as long as they keep the peace, do not profane either the Mother of Mountains or the Womb of the World and give the traditional gifts of salt, silver and seed to the dosh khaleen.

Exército

The Dothraki are nomadic warriors; they ride better than any Westerosi knight. Light cavalry forms the backbone of their power, with warriors wielding curved cavalry swords called arakhs, curved bows, and whips. They eschew armor, considering it cowardly, and typically wear painted vests and horsehair breeches.

While the khalasar is on the move, their scouts range far ahead, looking for prey or enemies. Outriders guard the flanks.[18] After battles, the jaqqa rhan or mercy men move among corpses and use heavy axes to take the heads of the dead and dying alike, while small girls with baskets go about pulling arrows from bodies to be re-used later.

Livros e Declarações Oficiais

Inspiração

Veja também: Temas em As Crônicas de Gelo e Fogo

George R. R. Martin conta que os Dothraki foram inspirados em outras culturas com base em estepe e planícies. Mongóis e Hunos, certamente, mas também Alanos, Sioux, Cheienes e várias outras tribos americanas... temperadas com uma boa dose de pura fantasia. A semelhança com os Árabes ou Turcos é coincidência, já que os Turcos Turks também foram originalmente cavaleiros dos estepes.[20]

Frases


I shall fear the Dothraki the day they teach their horses to run on water.[21]
Eddard Stark, to Robert Baratheon 




The Dothraki follow only the strong.[11]
- Jorah Mormont, to Daenerys Targaryen




Godless savages.[22]
- The owner of the Lord Faro's Belly




The Dothraki were wise where horses were concerned, but could be utter fools about much else.[23]
- thoughts of Daenerys Targaryen




The Dothraki are not fond of towns, you will know this even in Westeros.[24]
- Illyrio Mopatis, to Tyrion Lannister 




The horselords come, we give them gifts, the horselords go.[25]
- Qavo Nogarys, to Haldon

References and Notes

This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Across the narrow sea. The list of authors can be seen in the page history of Across the narrow sea. As with the Gelo e Fogo wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License. Predefinição:Creatures


Referências e notas