Mudanças entre as edições de "Lei e justiça"
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[[File:Smirtouille Heads on Spikes.png|thumb|350px|Cabeças em estacas. © Fantasy Flight Games]] | [[File:Smirtouille Heads on Spikes.png|thumb|350px|Cabeças em estacas. © Fantasy Flight Games]] | ||
[[File:Allan BednarPut to the Sword.jpg|thumb|350px|Descendo a espada. © Fantasy Flight Games]] | [[File:Allan BednarPut to the Sword.jpg|thumb|350px|Descendo a espada. © Fantasy Flight Games]] | ||
| + | '''Lei e Justiça''' nos [[Sete Reinos]] são largamente definidos pelo seu sistema [[feudalismo | sistema feudal]] do governo local. | ||
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| + | ==Sistema Jurídico== | ||
| + | [[Lorde]]s têm poder judicial em casos que surgem em seus domínios. Enquanto os cavaleiros da região são, por vezes, Senhores em tudo, exceto no nome, apenas os Senhores têm o direito de administrar a alta justiça por pena capital.{{Ref|TSS}}<ref name=KnightsLords>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1203/ Knights and Lords (March 02, 2002)]</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | It is a lord's duty to keep the peace, hear petitions, and mete out justice and punishments, all in the name of his lord, and ultimately, in the name of the king. The lord or his officers would hold local courts, listen to petitions and accusations and rule based on the evidence and law. The lords may entrust tasks to their sworn lords, landed knights, and bailiffs, to help them keep the peace, perform local judgements and oversee executions.{{Ref|aSoS|22}} If the lord is unable to give sentencing, it is up to the lord of the great house holding dominion in that area{{Ref|THK}} and eventually the king to give sentencing, as the final authority. | ||
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| + | While [[Aegon's Conquest]] united most of Westeros under one king, [[Aegon I Targaryen|Aegon]] opted to respect each region's local laws and left them in place. Aegon also created the position of [[Master of Laws]] on the [[Small Council]]. It wasn't until the reign of [[Jaehaerys I Targaryen]] that the Seven Kingdoms were brought under one unified code of law.{{ref|twoiaf| The Targaryen Kings: Jaehaerys I}} [[Dorne]] remained independent, and when they finally joined the Seven Kingdoms one of their conditions was that "Dornish law would always rule in Dorne."{{Ref|aFfC|2}} | ||
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| + | ==Administration== | ||
| + | Laws are enforced to various degrees depending on the disposition of the local lord or the status of the accused. Since most wrongs can be atoned for by the payment of a fine, wealthy people can often get away with things that commoners can not. This is especially true if the accused is of high status and commands influence and power. In some cases overlooking an offense is in the best interest of the local lord. | ||
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| + | Additionally, highborn such as lords and nobles are afforded more rights by law: they cannot be denied trials{{Ref|aGoT|33}} and are allowed more leniency in their conduct.<!--more elaborate trials, Several lords sitting to pronounce judgements, witnesses and cross-examinations... details from ned trial, judges etc, if anyone rereads this part please add details.--> | ||
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| + | An accused highborn may demand [[trial by combat]]{{Ref|aGoT|38}} or the less used [[trial of seven]] and let the gods give judgement.{{Ref|aGoT|47}} "Taking the black", to join the [[Night's Watch]], is an alternative to criminal punishment.{{Ref|aGoT|3}} By taking the black, one’s crimes are forgiven and he is exiled to the wall severing all previous ties. Women are not allowed to take the black. Only a knight of the Kingsguard can champion a queen in a trial by battle if she has been accused of treason.{{Ref|aFfC|43}} | ||
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| + | The legal majority for men and women is 16.<ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/Age_of_Majority/ Age of Majority (November 04, 1999)]</ref> Trials, at least among the nobility, often begin with a prayer from a septon beseeching [[Father (the Seven)|the Father Above]] to guide them towards justice.{{Ref|aSoS|66}} The accused and witness are sworn to honesty before he gives testimony at a trial.{{Ref|aSoS|66}} Of old, the High Septons might appoint seven judges to try a case, and if a woman was accused, three of them might be women, representing maidens, mothers, and crones.{{Ref|aFfC|43}} | ||
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| + | == Sentencing == | ||
| + | [[File:Marc Fishman Help him to his fate.jpg|Execution by hanging- by Marc Fishman © |thumb|350px|right]] | ||
| + | The punishment for treason{{Ref|aSoS|36}} and oathbreaking is death.{{Ref|aGoT|1}} Poachers may lose a hand. It is customary for thieves to lose a finger, but harsher punishments may be doled out depending on the circumstances.{{ref|AFFC|14}} Various mutilations for assault, castration for rape,{{Ref|aGoT|13}} and floggings for minor offences are usual. | ||
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| + | Executions are usually carried out by hanging or beheading. For harsher crimes the "crow cage" is used, in which the victim is imprisoned without food or water until death. Its name comes from the crows who often end up feasting on the criminal's flesh.{{Ref|ASOS|14}}{{Ref|THK}} | ||
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| + | Flogging is the common punishment for members of the lower social classes, its severity determined by both the number of strokes. | ||
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| + | [[Flaying]] has been outlawed since [[House Bolton|the Boltons]] bent the knee to [[House Stark|the Starks]], but continues to be practised unofficially. | ||
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| + | ==References and Notes== | ||
| + | {{references|2}} | ||
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| + | [[Categoria:Cultura]] | ||
| + | [[Categoria:Westeros]] | ||
Edição das 02h45min de 3 de setembro de 2017
Lei e Justiça nos Sete Reinos são largamente definidos pelo seu sistema sistema feudal do governo local.
Sistema Jurídico
Lordes têm poder judicial em casos que surgem em seus domínios. Enquanto os cavaleiros da região são, por vezes, Senhores em tudo, exceto no nome, apenas os Senhores têm o direito de administrar a alta justiça por pena capital.[1][2]
It is a lord's duty to keep the peace, hear petitions, and mete out justice and punishments, all in the name of his lord, and ultimately, in the name of the king. The lord or his officers would hold local courts, listen to petitions and accusations and rule based on the evidence and law. The lords may entrust tasks to their sworn lords, landed knights, and bailiffs, to help them keep the peace, perform local judgements and oversee executions.[3] If the lord is unable to give sentencing, it is up to the lord of the great house holding dominion in that area[4] and eventually the king to give sentencing, as the final authority.
While Aegon's Conquest united most of Westeros under one king, Aegon opted to respect each region's local laws and left them in place. Aegon also created the position of Master of Laws on the Small Council. It wasn't until the reign of Jaehaerys I Targaryen that the Seven Kingdoms were brought under one unified code of law.[5] Dorne remained independent, and when they finally joined the Seven Kingdoms one of their conditions was that "Dornish law would always rule in Dorne."[6]
Administration
Laws are enforced to various degrees depending on the disposition of the local lord or the status of the accused. Since most wrongs can be atoned for by the payment of a fine, wealthy people can often get away with things that commoners can not. This is especially true if the accused is of high status and commands influence and power. In some cases overlooking an offense is in the best interest of the local lord.
Additionally, highborn such as lords and nobles are afforded more rights by law: they cannot be denied trials[7] and are allowed more leniency in their conduct.
An accused highborn may demand trial by combat[8] or the less used trial of seven and let the gods give judgement.[9] "Taking the black", to join the Night's Watch, is an alternative to criminal punishment.[10] By taking the black, one’s crimes are forgiven and he is exiled to the wall severing all previous ties. Women are not allowed to take the black. Only a knight of the Kingsguard can champion a queen in a trial by battle if she has been accused of treason.[11]
The legal majority for men and women is 16.[12] Trials, at least among the nobility, often begin with a prayer from a septon beseeching the Father Above to guide them towards justice.[13] The accused and witness are sworn to honesty before he gives testimony at a trial.[13] Of old, the High Septons might appoint seven judges to try a case, and if a woman was accused, three of them might be women, representing maidens, mothers, and crones.[11]
Sentencing
The punishment for treason[14] and oathbreaking is death.[15] Poachers may lose a hand. It is customary for thieves to lose a finger, but harsher punishments may be doled out depending on the circumstances.[16] Various mutilations for assault, castration for rape,[17] and floggings for minor offences are usual.
Executions are usually carried out by hanging or beheading. For harsher crimes the "crow cage" is used, in which the victim is imprisoned without food or water until death. Its name comes from the crows who often end up feasting on the criminal's flesh.[18][4]
Flogging is the common punishment for members of the lower social classes, its severity determined by both the number of strokes.
Flaying has been outlawed since the Boltons bent the knee to the Starks, but continues to be practised unofficially.
References and Notes
- ↑ O Cavaleiro dos Sete Reinos, A Espada Juramentada.
- ↑ So Spake Martin: Knights and Lords (March 02, 2002)
- ↑ A Tormenta de Espadas, Capítulo 22, Arya.
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 O Cavaleiro dos Sete Reinos, O Cavaleiro Andante.
- ↑ O Mundo de Gelo e Fogo, Referência errada.
- ↑ O Festim dos Corvos, Capítulo 2, O Capitão dos Guardas.
- ↑ A Guerra dos Tronos, Capítulo 33, Eddard.
- ↑ A Guerra dos Tronos, Capítulo 38, Tyrion.
- ↑ A Guerra dos Tronos, Capítulo 47, Eddard.
- ↑ A Guerra dos Tronos, Capítulo 3, Daenerys.
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 O Festim dos Corvos, Capítulo 43, Cersei.
- ↑ So Spake Martin: Age of Majority (November 04, 1999)
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 A Tormenta de Espadas, Capítulo 66, Tyrion.
- ↑ A Tormenta de Espadas, Capítulo 36, Davos.
- ↑ A Guerra dos Tronos, Capítulo 1, Bran.
- ↑ O Festim dos Corvos, Capítulo 14, Brienne.
- ↑ A Guerra dos Tronos, Capítulo 13, Tyrion.
- ↑ A Tormenta de Espadas, Capítulo 14, Catelyn.
